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For field work, our engineers and instruments mobilise anywhere in India — highway corridors, bridges, plants and greenfield alignments included.
Plate load testing on site to IS 1888 — safe bearing capacity, settlement and modulus of subgrade reaction (k-value) for foundations and rigid pavements
The plate load test determines the safe bearing capacity and settlement of soil at foundation level by loading a rigid steel plate in stages and measuring settlement. It follows IS 1888 and is used for shallow-foundation design. NKMPV performs plate load testing as a NABL-accredited laboratory.
The plate load test is a full-scale in-situ field test that determines the bearing capacity, settlement characteristics, and modulus of subgrade reaction (k-value) of soil or pavement subgrade by loading a rigid steel plate and measuring the resulting settlement under controlled incremental loads.
The following parameters are determined from the plate load test. Design values depend on the structure type, founding depth, plate size, and applicable design code — IS 1888, IRC 58, and IS 6403 are commonly referenced.
| Parameter | Value / Range | Unit | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ultimate Bearing Capacity | Determined from load-settlement curve | kN/m² or kPa | IS 1888:1982 Cl. 8 |
| Safe Bearing Capacity | Ultimate / FOS (typically 2.0-3.0) | kN/m² or kPa | IS 6403:1981 |
| Settlement at Design Load | Recorded at each load increment | mm | IS 1888:1982 Cl. 7 |
| Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k-value) | 2.8-140 (typical range) | kg/cm³ or kN/m³ | IRC 58:2015 Cl. 5.3 |
| Elastic Rebound (Cyclic Test) | Recorded per cycle | mm | IS 1888:1982 Cl. 8.3 |
| Plate Size Used | 300 / 450 / 600 / 750 | mm diameter | IS 1888:1982 Cl. 4 |
| Maximum Test Load | Up to 3x estimated safe bearing capacity | kN | IS 1888:1982 Cl. 6.1 |
Method of Load Test on Soils (Second Revision)
Code of Practice for Determination of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations
Guidelines for Design of Plain Jointed Rigid Pavements for Highways
Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Foundations in Soils — General Requirements
Methods of Test for Soils — Determination of Water Content
Circular plates — 300, 450, 600, and 750 mm diameter
25 mm thick machined mild steel plates; stacked for rigidity when required
CalibratedVarious — heavy-duty hydraulic jack with hand pump
200 kN capacity, calibrated pressure gauge for load measurement
CalibratedAIMIL / Various — compression type
100 kN / 200 kN capacity, NABL-calibrated, least count 0.1 kN
CalibratedMitutoyo — 50 mm travel
Least count 0.01 mm; minimum 4 gauges placed symmetrically on plate
CalibratedLoaded trucks, concrete blocks, or sand bags
Reaction load up to 500 kN (adjustable based on project requirement)
CalibratedSteel I-beam supported on independent posts
4-6 metre span, supports dial gauge mountings independent of loading platform
CalibratedA test pit is excavated to the proposed foundation level or the depth at which the bearing capacity is required. The pit dimensions are at least five times the diameter of the test plate to avoid boundary effects. The pit bottom is levelled and cleaned to form a smooth, horizontal surface. If groundwater is encountered, dewatering arrangements are made. The natural moisture content and in-situ density of the exposed soil are recorded for reference.
The selected bearing plate (300-750 mm diameter depending on the soil type and project requirement) is placed centrally on a thin layer of clean, dry sand to ensure uniform contact with the pit bottom. The kentledge reaction system — loaded trucks or stacked concrete blocks — is positioned symmetrically above the plate with sufficient clearance for the hydraulic jack. The independent reference beam for dial gauge mounting is set up on posts placed well outside the zone of influence of the loaded plate.
A minimum of four dial gauges (0.01 mm least count, 50 mm travel) are mounted on the independent reference beam and positioned symmetrically on the plate periphery to measure settlement. A seating load of approximately 7 kPa (0.07 kg/cm²) is applied and released to ensure full contact between the plate and the soil surface. All dial gauges are then set to their initial zero reading.
The load is applied in equal increments — typically one-fifth of the estimated safe bearing capacity per increment. At each load stage, the settlement is recorded at intervals of 1, 2.25, 4, 6.25, 9, 16, and 25 minutes, and then at hourly intervals until the rate of settlement drops below 0.02 mm per hour (per IS 1888). Only after the settlement has stabilised at a given load increment is the next increment applied. The test continues until either the plate settles by 25 mm, the soil shears visibly, or the maximum available reaction is reached.
After the maximum load is reached, the load is released in the same increments used during loading. The elastic rebound (recovery) of the plate is recorded at each unloading stage. For cyclic plate load tests, the loading-unloading sequence is repeated for 3-5 cycles to determine the elastic and plastic components of deformation — essential for rigid pavement k-value determination per IRC 58.
The load-settlement curve is plotted on both arithmetic and log-log scales. The ultimate bearing capacity is identified as the load at which the curve shows a distinct break (general shear failure) or by the double-tangent method (local shear failure). The safe bearing capacity is obtained by dividing the ultimate value by a factor of safety (typically 2.0-3.0). The modulus of subgrade reaction (k-value) is calculated as the ratio of pressure corresponding to 1.25 mm settlement on the standard 750 mm plate. Size correction is applied if a smaller plate was used.
The NABL-accredited test report includes complete load-settlement data tables, arithmetic and log-log load-settlement curves, ultimate and safe bearing capacity, allowable bearing pressure for specified settlement limits, and the k-value for pavement design. Photographs of the test setup, plate location coordinates, soil description, moisture content, and field density are appended. Design recommendations considering plate size correction and depth effects are included.
Our plate load test reports carry NABL accreditation (ISO/IEC 17025:2017), accepted by NHAI, state PWDs, structural consultants, courts, and arbitration tribunals without additional verification.
We deploy reaction systems capable of providing up to 500 kN of kentledge load using loaded trucks and concrete blocks. This allows us to test at pressures well beyond the expected safe bearing capacity, ensuring the load-settlement curve is fully developed for reliable interpretation.
We carry 300 mm, 450 mm, 600 mm, and 750 mm diameter bearing plates. Plate size is selected based on soil grain size, expected bearing capacity, and the design code requirements — IS 1888 recommends a plate at least five times the maximum particle size and IRC 58 specifies 750 mm for k-value determination.
For rigid pavement projects and industrial floors subject to repeated loading, we conduct cyclic plate load tests to separate elastic and plastic deformation components. The cyclic k-value is often required by IRC 58 and gives a more realistic input for pavement slab thickness design.
We mobilise plate load test setups including kentledge, hydraulic jacks, reference beams, and support vehicles to project sites across Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh. Our logistics team coordinates site access and equipment transportation to minimise setup time.
The plate load test per IS 1888:1982 determines the in-situ bearing capacity and settlement characteristics of soil at the proposed foundation depth. Procedure: A rigid steel plate (typically 300 mm, 450 mm, 600 mm, or 750 mm square) is placed at the test depth, loaded incrementally via a hydraulic jack reacting against a kentledge or earth anchor, and the resulting settlement is measured by dial gauges at three corners. Loading sequence: 20% of estimated ultimate load applied in increments; each increment held until settlement rate is < 0.02 mm/min. The load-settlement curve is plotted; ultimate bearing capacity is taken at the point of failure (double tangent method or 1/5 of plate width settlement). Safe bearing capacity = Ultimate / Factor of Safety (typically 2.5–3.0). The result is critical input to IS 6403 / IRC 75 foundation design.
Both measure soil strength but for different design purposes: Plate Load Test (IS 1888) measures the bearing capacity of in-situ soil under a static plate load — used for designing shallow foundations, raft foundations, and pavement sub-grade where settlement is critical. The test is done at the actual foundation depth. CBR Test (IS 2720 Part 16) measures the resistance to penetration of compacted soil in the laboratory — used for pavement design per IRC 37 (flexible) and IRC 58 (rigid). CBR is a strength index, not an absolute bearing capacity. Use plate load for foundation design; use CBR for pavement design. Both can be performed on the same project for different design components.
A standard plate load test takes 6–10 hours of field time, depending on soil type and loading sequence: 2 hours for site preparation, excavation to test depth, plate placement and levelling; 1 hour for kentledge or reaction frame setup; 3–6 hours for incremental loading and settlement observation (each load increment held until settlement rate < 0.02 mm/min — cohesive soils take longer due to consolidation); 1 hour for rebound observations after unloading. Test depth is typically at proposed foundation level or as specified by the geotechnical engineer. Multiple tests at different depths are common for large foundations (e.g., 3 tests at 1.5 m, 3.0 m, 4.5 m depth). NKMPV provides plate load test with NABL-accredited deliverables across Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and adjoining states.
Coverage
Wherever your project is, there are two ways to work with NKMPV on Plate Load Test.
For field work, our engineers and instruments mobilise anywhere in India — highway corridors, bridges, plants and greenfield alignments included.
Distance is not a constraint for laboratory testing. Send samples to our Pinjore laboratory and receive the digital report on completion — the route most of our out-of-region clients use.
These are locations where we have completed projects — not the boundary of our service area. We mobilise across India on request. See full coverage & project locations →
Plate Load Test is carried out to IS 1888:1982, IS 6403:1981, IRC 58:2015 and IS 1904:1986, as listed in the Applicable Standards section of this page. Tell us the specification your project must comply with and the quotation will state the standard the work follows.
Our laboratory is at Pinjore, Haryana, within same-day reach of Chandigarh, Panchkula, Mohali, Ambala and the wider Tri-City. If you are further away, distance is not a constraint: our field team travels to site anywhere in India for on-site work, and for laboratory tests you can courier samples to the Pinjore lab and receive the report digitally. Clients across Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi-NCR, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh already work with us this way.
Yes. NKMPV operates pan-India. We have delivered projects across Chandigarh, Panchkula, Mohali, Ambala, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Yamunanagar, Hisar and beyond, and we mobilise to greenfield and remote corridors on request. The 18 locations listed on our site are the places we have already worked — not the limit of where we go.
Send us the project details — location, quantity, and the standard you need to comply with — and you get a written quotation, usually within one working day. Pricing depends on sample count, site access and mobilisation distance, so we quote per project rather than publishing a fixed rate. Call +91-82953-60108 or use the quote form; every quotation states the applicable IS/IRC standard.
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