Highway and Specialized Testing

Traffic Survey Services (ATCC)

Classified traffic volume counting and analysis for pavement design

IRC SP 72:2015 IRC 106:1990 IRC 37:2018
An Automatic Traffic Counter Classifier (ATCC) survey records and classifies every vehicle passing a highway section continuously for 7 days and 24 hours per day. This classified volume data is the primary input for calculating design traffic in million standard axles (MSA) for pavement thickness design.

What Is a Traffic Survey Using ATCC?

A traffic survey using ATCC equipment captures the total volume and composition of traffic at a designated location. The equipment uses pneumatic tube sensors or piezoelectric strips embedded across the carriageway to detect each vehicle axle and classify it into standard IRC categories such as two-wheelers, cars, light commercial vehicles (LCVs), two-axle trucks, three-axle trucks, multi-axle vehicles (MAVs), and buses. The raw data is logged at 15-minute or hourly intervals over a continuous 7-day period covering all 24 hours. The collected data is analysed to compute Average Daily Traffic (ADT), Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) using seasonal correction factors, directional distribution, vehicle class distribution, and peak-hour traffic volumes. These outputs feed directly into IRC 37 flexible pavement design and IRC 58 rigid pavement design as the traffic input parameter. Combined with axle load survey data, the Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) for each vehicle class is determined, which converts mixed traffic into cumulative standard axle loads (MSA) over the design life. NKMPV deploys ATCC units on national highways, state highways, and urban arterial roads across Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh. We also conduct manual turning movement counts at intersections for junction design and road safety audits. Our traffic survey data is accepted by NHAI, state PWDs, and highway consultants for DPR preparation and overlay design.

Survey Parameters & Output Data

The following parameters are recorded and computed from the ATCC traffic survey. Output format complies with IRC SP 72 and IRC 106 requirements for pavement design traffic estimation.

Parameter Value / Range Unit Standard
Classified Traffic Volume Hourly and daily counts by vehicle class vehicles/day IRC SP 72 Cl. 3.2
Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Computed from 7-day continuous count vehicles/day IRC SP 72 Cl. 3.3
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) ADT x seasonal correction factor vehicles/day IRC 106 Cl. 4.2
Traffic Growth Rate 5-7.5% (typical Indian highways) % per annum IRC 37 Cl. 5.2
Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) 1.5-5.5 (varies by vehicle class) dimensionless IRC 37 Table 2
Design Traffic (MSA) Computed for 10-30 year design life million standard axles IRC 37 Cl. 5.3
Directional Distribution Factor 0.50 (typical) to 0.67 dimensionless IRC 37 Cl. 5.1
Lane Distribution Factor 0.75 (2-lane) / 0.40 (4-lane) dimensionless IRC 37 Table 1

Applicable Indian Standards

IRC SP 72:2015

Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements for Low Volume Rural Roads

IRC 106:1990

Guidelines for Capacity of Urban Roads in Plain Areas

IRC 37:2018

Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements

IRC 9:1972

Traffic Census on Non-Urban Roads

MoRTH 5th Revision

Specifications for Road and Bridge Works — Section 900 (Traffic Safety)

Equipment Used

Automatic Traffic Counter Classifier (ATCC)

Pneumatic Tube Type with Multi-Channel Data Logger

Classifies vehicles into 6-12 IRC categories, records speed, direction, and axle count simultaneously

Calibrated

Pneumatic Road Tubes

Heavy-duty rubber tubes (6 mm OD)

Withstands 10,000+ vehicle passes, operates in temperatures from 5 to 55 degrees C

Calibrated

Video Recording System

HD IP Camera with IR Night Vision

Continuous 7-day recording for manual verification and turning movement count analysis

Calibrated

Handheld Tally Counters and Data Sheets

Standard manual counting equipment

Used for manual classified count validation and turning movement surveys at intersections

Calibrated

Survey Process

1

Site Reconnaissance & Planning

Day 1

The survey team visits the project corridor to identify suitable ATCC deployment locations. The station must be on a straight, level section away from intersections, bus stops, or toll plazas that could distort traffic flow. Station coordinates are recorded using GPS, and a deployment plan covering lane configuration, sensor placement, and power supply is prepared.

2

ATCC Installation & Calibration

Day 2

Pneumatic tubes are laid across the carriageway and secured to the pavement surface with adhesive and road nails. The tubes are connected to the data logger housed in a roadside enclosure. The system is calibrated by manually verifying vehicle classifications against visual observation for the first 1-2 hours. Video cameras are mounted for backup recording.

3

7-Day Continuous Data Collection

Days 2-9

The ATCC unit records traffic continuously for 7 days and 24 hours per day, capturing each vehicle's axle count, speed, direction, and timestamp. Data is logged in 15-minute intervals. The field team conducts daily site visits to verify equipment functionality, check tube integrity, replace batteries if needed, and perform manual spot counts for quality validation.

4

Dismantling & Data Download

Day 9

After the 7-day survey period, the ATCC unit and pneumatic tubes are dismantled. Raw data is downloaded from the data logger and backed up. Video footage is archived for turning movement count extraction and manual verification of any anomalous data segments.

5

Data Validation & Classification

Days 10-11

Raw traffic records are screened for errors, duplicates, and sensor malfunctions. Vehicle classifications are validated against video footage for a minimum 10% sample. Hourly traffic volumes are tabulated by direction and vehicle category per IRC classification. Any data gaps due to sensor failure are interpolated using adjacent-hour data and manual count records.

6

Traffic Analysis & MSA Computation

Days 11-12

ADT is calculated from the 7-day totals. AADT is derived by applying seasonal correction factors. Traffic growth rate is established from historical data or IRC 37 default values. Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) is computed using axle load survey data. Design traffic in MSA is calculated for the specified design period (typically 15-20 years for NH and 10-15 years for SH) using the IRC 37 formula: N = 365 x A x D x F x [(1+r)^n - 1] / r.

7

Report Preparation & Delivery

Days 12-14

The final traffic survey report includes hourly and daily traffic volume tables, vehicle class distribution charts, directional split analysis, peak hour factors, ADT and AADT values, VDF calculations, and design traffic in MSA. Reports are prepared in the format specified by NHAI, IRC SP 72, and the project consultant. Digital and hard copies are delivered to the client.

Where Traffic Surveys Are Used

Traffic survey data is the foundation for every road construction, widening, and rehabilitation project in India. Under IRC 37 flexible pavement design, the design traffic in MSA determines total crust thickness. For existing roads, traffic data combined with FWD deflection testing enables structural evaluation and overlay design. NHAI mandates ATCC-based traffic surveys for all Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) on national highway projects. The data is also essential for junction design, signal timing optimization, and road safety audits where traffic volume and composition directly influence safety recommendations.
DPR preparation for new national and state highway projects per NHAI guidelines Flexible and rigid pavement thickness design per IRC 37 and IRC 58 Overlay design and strengthening of existing pavements Traffic impact assessment for urban development projects Turning movement count for intersection and junction design Toll plaza design and revenue estimation Road safety audit and accident analysis correlation Periodic traffic monitoring for maintenance planning

Detailed Information

NKMPV provides professional traffic survey services for highway, road and infrastructure projects to support pavement design, capacity analysis and transport planning. Our surveys include traffic volume count, classified traffic survey, axle load survey and origin–destination (OD) studies conducted as per IRC and MoRTH guidelines. Accurate traffic data is essential for designing safe, durable and cost-effective road networks.

Our traffic surveys are conducted by trained field personnel and reviewed by qualified engineers to ensure accuracy, consistency, and suitability for use in DPRs, feasibility reports, and pavement design calculations.


What Is a Traffic Survey?

A traffic survey is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of traffic data such as traffic volume, vehicle classification, axle load, speed, and movement patterns. These surveys form the technical basis for pavement design, capacity analysis, road safety planning, and traffic management decisions.

Traffic surveys are required for:

  • Highway and expressway projects

  • Flexible and rigid pavement design

  • Traffic impact assessment

  • Road safety and improvement studies

  • NHAI, MoRTH, and State PWD works


Types of Traffic Survey Services We Offer

Traffic Volume Count Survey

Traffic volume count surveys measure the number of vehicles passing a selected location over a defined period. Vehicles are classified according to standard categories prescribed by IRC.

This data is used for capacity analysis, lane configuration planning, traffic forecasting, and infrastructure upgrades.


Classified Traffic Survey

Classified traffic surveys record traffic volume by vehicle type such as cars, buses, LCVs, trucks, and multi-axle vehicles. This information is essential for converting traffic into equivalent standard axles for pavement design.


Axle Load Survey

Axle load surveys measure the actual axle loads and gross vehicle weights of commercial vehicles. Accurate axle load data is critical for determining design traffic and pavement thickness.


Origin–Destination (OD) Survey

Origin–Destination surveys identify travel patterns, trip origins, destinations, and route choices of road users. These surveys support traffic diversion analysis, bypass planning, and network optimization.


Speed and Delay Survey

Speed and delay surveys evaluate travel speed, journey time, and congestion levels along a corridor. The results help identify bottlenecks and improve traffic flow and safety.


Turning Movement Count (TMC) Survey

Turning movement count surveys are carried out at intersections to record vehicle movements in different directions. This data is used for junction design, signal planning, and geometric improvements.


Traffic Survey Using Network Survey Vehicle (NSV)

For large highway corridors, traffic data collection can be integrated with automated road condition surveys using a Network Survey Vehicle.


Methodology and Standards Followed

All traffic survey services are carried out in accordance with applicable Indian standards and guidelines, including:

  • IRC 108 – Guidelines for Traffic Surveys

  • IRC 37 – Guidelines for Flexible Pavement Design

  • IRC 58 – Guidelines for Rigid Pavement Design

  • MoRTH Specifications

  • NHAI requirements

Data collection methods include manual classified counts, video recording with post-processing, automated traffic counters, and axle load measurement systems. Quality checks are performed at each stage to ensure data reliability.


Role of Traffic Surveys in Pavement Design

Traffic survey data is a key input for pavement design as it determines design traffic in terms of cumulative standard axles. Accurate traffic data helps in selecting appropriate pavement thickness and structural composition.

Related services: Incorrect or insufficient traffic data can result in premature pavement failure, increased maintenance costs, and reduced service life.

Applications of Traffic Survey Services

Traffic surveys are commonly used for:

  • National and state highway projects

  • Urban road development

  • Industrial and logistics corridors

  • Road safety audits

  • DPR and feasibility studies

  • Traffic management planning


Why Choose NKMPV for Traffic Survey Services?

NKMPV offers traffic survey services supported by experienced field teams, standard methodologies, and engineering review. Our survey reports are structured, transparent, and suitable for submission to consultants, government agencies, and project authorities.

We ensure that traffic data is accurate, relevant, and aligned with project requirements and applicable standards.


Conclusion

Traffic survey services provide the foundation for effective highway planning, pavement design, and traffic management. Accurate traffic data supports informed engineering decisions and helps develop safe, durable, and cost-effective road infrastructure. NKMPV delivers reliable traffic survey solutions that comply with Indian standards and meet the technical needs of highway and infrastructure projects.

Why Choose NKMPV for Traffic Surveys?

NABL Accredited Survey Reports

Our traffic survey reports carry NABL accreditation (ISO/IEC 17025:2017), accepted by NHAI, state PWDs, highway consultants, and arbitration tribunals without additional verification or third-party validation.

7-Day Uninterrupted ATCC Data

We deploy redundant ATCC units with battery backup to ensure zero data loss across the full 7-day survey period. Video backup provides independent verification of classified counts.

Integrated Traffic and Axle Load Surveys

We offer combined traffic volume count and axle load surveys in a single mobilisation, reducing field time and cost while providing all inputs needed for IRC 37 pavement design — ADT, AADT, VDF, and MSA.

Experienced Highway Survey Teams

Our field teams have conducted traffic surveys on over 100 highway project corridors across Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Rajasthan, covering 2-lane, 4-lane, and 6-lane configurations.

IRC-Compliant Reporting

Reports are formatted to meet NHAI DPR requirements and IRC SP 72 guidelines, including hourly distribution charts, vehicle class breakdowns, seasonal correction, growth rate analysis, and design traffic computation.

Frequently Asked Questions

An Automatic Traffic Counter Classifier (ATCC) survey records and classifies all vehicles passing a road section continuously for 7 days and 24 hours per day. It is required by NHAI and IRC guidelines to determine the design traffic in million standard axles (MSA), which is the primary input for pavement thickness design per IRC 37. Without accurate traffic data, the pavement cannot be designed to withstand actual loading over its service life.
The field survey itself requires 7 consecutive days of continuous recording. Including site reconnaissance (1 day), installation and calibration (1 day), and data analysis with report preparation (3-5 days), the total turnaround is approximately 12-14 days from mobilisation to final report delivery. For multi-station projects, additional stations can be surveyed simultaneously to save time.
Average Daily Traffic (ADT) is the total traffic volume divided by the number of survey days — typically based on a 7-day count. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) adjusts the ADT using seasonal correction factors to account for monthly and seasonal traffic variations throughout the year. AADT is the standard input used in IRC 37 pavement design calculations.
VDF represents the damaging effect of a particular vehicle on the pavement compared to a standard 80 kN single axle load. It is calculated from axle load survey data using the fourth-power law: VDF = (actual axle load / standard axle load)^4, summed across all axles of the vehicle. For example, an overloaded multi-axle truck may have a VDF of 5.0 or higher, meaning it causes five times more damage than a standard axle pass.
IRC SP 72:2015 provides guidelines for traffic data collection for low-volume rural roads. IRC 37:2018 specifies the design traffic computation methodology for flexible pavements. IRC 106:1990 deals with capacity analysis of urban roads. For axle load data collection methodology, IRC SP 72 Annexure-A is the primary reference.
Yes, NKMPV maintains multiple ATCC units and can deploy them at several stations along a project corridor simultaneously. For a typical 4-lane highway DPR, we commonly deploy 3-5 ATCC units at different chainages plus manual count teams at intersections. This parallel deployment completes corridor-level traffic data collection within a single 7-day window.

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